RESUMO As comunidades são estruturadas por uma interação de fatores históricos e ecológicos que influenciam o uso de diferentes recursos no tempo e no espaço. Coletamos dados sobre tempo de atividade, o uso de micro-habitat e dieta de uma assembleia de lagartos de um habitat de restinga na costa do Sudeste do Brasil (Restinga de Jurubatiba). Os dados foram analisados em relação à sobreposição de nicho entre as espécies ao longo de três eixos (temporais, espaciais e tróficos), utilizando modelos nulos. Encontramos uma sobreposição significativa no nicho trófico, enquanto que a sobreposição para os outros eixos não diferiu do esperado. Com base neste resultado, discutimos os fatores que atuam sobre a estruturação da comunidade local de lagartos.

ABSTRACT Communities are structured by interactions of historical and ecological factors, which influence the use of different resources in time and space. We acquired data on time of activity, microhabitat use and diet of a lizard assemblage from a sand dune habitat in a coastal area, southeastern Brazil (Restinga de Jurubatiba). We analyzed the data of niche overlap among species in these three axes (temporal, spatial and trophic) using null models. We found a significant overlap within the trophic niche, whereas the overlap for the other axes did not differ from the expected. Based on this result, we discuss the factors acting on the structure of the local lizard community.

We analyzed the feeding habits, microhabitat use, and daily activity period of the anuran species Cycloramphus brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1864), endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest biome. The only previous studies on this species focused on the systematics and new altitudinal records. This study was conducted in a large forest remnant located in the municipalities of Guapimirim and Cachoeiras de Macacu. We captured frogs through visual encounter surveys and recorded the frequency of microhabitat types used by them, and the time of capture. Diet was analyzed in terms of number, volume and frequency of occurrence of items. Individuals of C. brasiliensis occurred in association with fast-moving rocky portions of clear freshwater rivers, indicating a rheophilic habit, and were active mainly at night. Such as most anuran species, the diet of Cycloramphus brasiliensis was mainly based on arthropods, and included Blattodea, Formicidae, and Coleoptera as most important prey items.

Apresentamos dados sobre a composição de espécies, abundância relativa e densidade estimada para anfíbios anuros de serrapilheira de uma área de Mata Atlântica no Parque Estadual do Desengano, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, com base em resultados de um estudo de curto prazo realizado durante o inverno a altitudes de 1000-1500 m. Três métodos de amostragem foram utilizados: amostragem em parcelas, encontros visuais (realizados durante o dia, no crepúsculo e à noite) e armadilhas de queda. Foram registradas 13 espécies, com Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853), uma forma com desenvolvimento direto, sendo a mais abundante. A maioria dos anuros (ca. 90% de todos os indivíduos) amostrados pelo método de encontros visuais foi coletada durante os períodos crepuscular e noturno. A densidade estimada para anuros de serrapilheira foi de 13,2 ind.100 m-2, que é um dos valores mais altos atualmente registrados para áreas de Mata Atlântica. Este é o primeiro estudo que analisa a fauna de anuros do Parque Estadual do Desengano e contribui para o conhecimento da fauna da região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, que ainda é pouco estudada.

We present data on species composition, relative abundance and estimated densities for leaf-litter anuran amphibians from an Atlantic Forest area within the Parque Estadual do Desengano, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on results of a short-term survey carried out during the winter at altitudes of 1000-1500 m. Three sampling methods were used: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys (VES; performed during the day, at the twilight, and at night), and pitfall traps. We recorded 13 species, with the direct-developer Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) being the most abundant. Most frogs (ca. 90% of all individuals) sampled by VES were captured during the crepuscular and nocturnal periods. The estimated density of the local leaf-litter frog assemblage based on plot sampling was 13.2 ind.100 m-2, which is one of the highest values currently reported for Atlantic Rainforest areas. This is the first study analyzing the anuran fauna of the Parque Estadual do Desengano and adds to the knowledge of the fauna of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, which is still poorly studied.

Ischnocnema (Brachycephalidae) includes many species that are important members of the leaf litter frog communities in the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest biome and is restricted to the forests of southeastern Brazil. Currently, the available information about the ecology of I. parva is scarce. We studied the diet, the habitat use, reproduction and density of I. parva in an area of Atlantic Rainforest at the Concórdia mountain range, Rio de Janeiro. Individuals of I. parva were captured in April 2005 using different sampling methods: time constrained search (transects), plots of 5 x 5 m (25 m²) on the litter, and pitfall traps with drift fences. We found 240 frogs; 35 females and 205 males. Females (mean SVL = 19.1 mm) were significantly larger (F1,238 = 143.016, R² = 0.375, p < 0.001) than males (13.2 mm). The species preyed mainly on arthropods, with ants and isopods being the most important items, both showing high values of importance index (Ix = 50.0 and 26.7, respectively). Ischnocnema parva is a terrestrial species whose preferential microhabitat at the Serra da Concórdia was the litter of the forest floor (78.7%). The activity was predominantly crepuscular-nocturnal and the estimated density of I. parva was 24.9 ind/100 m². For the eight ovigerous females captured, the mean number of mature oocytes per female was 25 (range: 22-30) and the oocyte mean diameter was 1.11 mm (N = 40 oocytes). Oocyte number increased with female body size (R² = 0.504, F1,6 = 6.107, p < 0.05, N = 8), indicating that as females increase in size they produce larger clutches. Some ecological aspects such as diet and microhabitat use were similar to that observed for an insular population of I. parva, whereas reproductive traits differed. Thus, long term studies are necessary to understand the extent to which these differences are explained by environmental factors.

Data on species composition, richness, and density are presented for the leaf litter frog assemblage of an area of Atlantic Rainforest at the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Three sampling methods were used: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys, and pitfall traps. The local assemblage of leaf litter frogs was composed of 16 species, with the direct-developing species, Euparkerella brasiliensis (Parker, 1926), being the most abundant. The estimated density of the local leaf litter frog assemblage based on plot sampling was 17.1 ind/100 m² and the estimated overall leaf litter frog mass was 684.2 g/ha. The estimated density of leaf litter frogs at the present study is the highest currently reported for Atlantic Rainforest areas, which reinforces the idea of higher densities of leaf litter frogs in the Neotropical Region compared to the Old World tropics.

Estudamos a comunidade herpetofaunística da Mata Atlântica do Morro São João, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e apresentamos dados da composição, riqueza, abundância relativa e densidade das espécies. Combinamos três metodologias de amostragem: parcelas, encontros visuais e armadilhas de queda. Registramos 16 espécies de anfíbios e 9 espécies de répteis. As densidades estimadas (baseadas nos resultados da amostragem através de parcelas) foram 4.5 ind/100 m² para anfíbios, 0.8 ind/100 m² para lagartos, e a densidade total (anfíbios e répteis) foi 5.3 ind/100 m². Para anfíbios, Eleutherodactylus e Scinax foram os gêneros com maior número de espécies, com três espécies cada, e Eleutherodactylus binotatus foi a espécie mais abundante (densidade média de 3.0 anuros/100 m²). A comunidade de répteis do Morro São João foi dominada por espécies da família Gekkonidae e Gymnophtalmidae (Lacertilia) e Colubridae (Serpentes). O lagarto gimnoftalmídeo Leposoma scincoides foi a espécie de réptil mais abundante (densidade média de 0.3 ind/100 m). Comparamos os dados de densidade obtidos no nosso estudo com os de outros estudos em florestas de várias regiões tropicais do mundo.

We studied the herpetofaunal community from the Atlantic forest of Morro São João, in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and present data on species composition, richness, relative abundance and densities. We combined three sampling methods: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys and pit-fall traps. We recorded sixteen species of amphibians and nine of reptiles. The estimated densities (based on results of plot sampling) were 4.5 ind/100 m2 for amphibians and 0.8 ind/100 m² for lizards, and the overall density (amphibians and lizards) was 5.3 ind/100 m². For amphibians, Eleutherodactylus and Scinax were the most speciose genera with three species each, and Eleutherodactylus binotatus was the most abundant species (mean density of 3.0 frogs/100 m²). The reptile community of Morro São João was dominated by species of the families Gekkonidae and Gymnophtalmidae (Lacertilia) and Colubridae (Serpentes). The gymnophtalmid lizard Leposoma scincoides was the most abundant reptile species (mean density of 0.3 ind/100 m²). We compare densities obtained in our study data with those of other studied rainforest sites in various tropical regions of the world.

Nós analisamos a dieta e o uso do microhabitat em duas espécies de anuros da subfamília Hylodinae (Cycloramphidae), Hylodes phyllodes Heyer & Cocroft, 1986 e Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril & Bibron, 1841, que vivem em simpatria em uma área de Mata Atlântica na Ilha Grande, na região sudeste do Brasil. As duas espécies vivem sintopicamente em alguns riachos pedregosos. As duas espécies diferiram fortemente no uso do microhabitat. Hylodes phyllodes ocorreu principalmente sobre pedras, enquanto C. gaudichaudii foi observado na maioria das vezes dentro d'água. Com relação à dieta, coleópteros, himenópteros (formigas), e larvas foram as presas mais consumidas por ambas as espécies. Os dados sugerem que o uso do microhabitat parece ser um importante parâmetro diferenciando esses anuros com respeito a utilização de recursos.

We analyzed the diet and microhabitat use for two Hylodinae anurans (Cycloramphidae), Hylodes phyllodes Heyer & Cocroft, 1986 and Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril & Bibron, 1841, living in sympatry at an Atlantic Rainforest area of Ilha Grande, in southeastern Brazil. The two species live syntopically at some rocky streams. The two species differed strongly in microhabitat use. Hylodes phyllodes occurred mainly on rocks, whereas C. gaudichaudii was observed mostly on the water. Regarding diet, coleopterans, hymenopterans (ants), and larvae were the most important prey item consumed by both species. Data suggest that microhabitat use appears to be an important parameter differentiating these frogs with respect to general resource utilization.

Estudamos as bromeliáceas do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, Macaé, RJ, nas cinco diferentes zonas de vegetação: psamófila halófila reptante (PHR), fechada pós-praia (FPP), arbustiva aberta de Clusia (AAC), arbustiva aberta de ericácea (AAE) e mata periodicamente inundada (MPI). Analisamos abundância, densidade, biomassa, riqueza, diversidade, equitabilidade e similaridade de espécies entre as zonas. Estimamos a quantidade de água reservada no interior das bromélias por zona de restinga e por espécie de bromélia. Em 98 parcelas de 100 m² (10 X 10 m) cada, registramos as espécies de bromélias, a abundância de cada espécie e a zona amostrada. A quantidade de água armazenada e a biomassa das bromélias foram estimadas medindo-se o volume de água reservada no vaso e pesando 10 indivíduos por espécie. Encontramos 10 espécies na restinga de Jurubatiba, com densidade total estimada de 10386 ind.ha-1. Na zona PHR, não ocorreu nenhuma espécie de bromélia. Na FPP, ocorreu a maior biomassa total (7721,2 kg.ha-1), sendo Bromelia antiacantha a mais abundante e com maior biomassa (1366,5 kg.ha-1). Na AAE, ocorreu a maior densidade total (15725 ind.ha-1), diversidade (H’ = 2,358), equitabilidade (0,786) e quantidade de água reservada no interior de bromélias (3294,8 L.ha-1). Na MPI, Aechmea bromeliifolia foi a mais abundante, sendo exclusiva desta zona. A maior similaridade ocorreu entre AAC e AAE (88,9%). Concluímos que a estrutura e a composição de Bromeliaceae da restinga de Jurubatiba variam fortemente entre as zonas estudadas, com cada zona possuindo um conjunto particular de espécies com diferentes distribuições de abundância.

We studied the bromeliads at the Jurubatiba National Park in five vegetation zones: psamophilous halophilous creeper vegetation (PHR); closed rear beach (FPP); open shrubby Clusia (AAC); open shrubby Ericaceae (AAE) and temporarily flooded forest (MPI). We sampled 98 plots of 100 m² (10 x 10 m) recording the bromeliad species and abundance, density, mass, richness, species diversity, evenness, and similarity among the zones. We estimated the amount of water reserved inside the bromeliads in each zone and by bromeliad species. We found a total of ten bromeliad species at the Jurubatiba National Park that occurred differently along the vegetation zones, with a total density of 10386 ind.ha-1. No bromeliads were found in the PHR zone. The FPP zone had the highest total mass (7721.2 kg.ha-1) and Bromelia antiacantha was the most abundant, having the highest mass (1366.5 kg.ha-1). The AAE zone had the highest total bromeliad density (15725 ind.ha-1), the highest bromeliad diversity (H’= 2.358), evenness (0.786) and amount of water reserved inside bromeliads (3294.8 L.ha-1). In the MPI zone, Aechmea bromeliifolia was the most abundant, being found exclusively in this zone. The highest similarity occurred between zones AAC and AAE (88.9%). We conclude that the structure and composition of the bromeliads at the Jurubatiba National Park varied consistently among the vegetation zones of the restinga, and each zone is characterised by a different set of dominant bromeliads and different abundance distribution.

This report deals with the identification of samples of nematodes recovered from Tropidurus nanuzae Rodrigues, 1981, with the description of a new species, and is a part of a major study on helminth parasites of reptiles in Brazil, taking into account previous data on this subject. The main approach is that referring to the first occurrence of subulurid nematodes in a reptilian host, since they have been assigned previously to birds and mammals.

Nas restingas, devido aos microhábitats favoráveis, como as moitas, não ocorrerem de forma homogênea, mas em manchas, e devido à elevada taxa de reprodução vegetativa em bromélias, testa-se a hipótese de que o padrão de distribuição espacial das bromélias em uma restinga seria agregado. Utiliza-se como área para o teste de hipótese a restinga do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba. Analisa-se o padrão de distribuição espacial de cada espécie encontrada através do índice de dispersão de Morisita (Id). Encontra-se 10 espécies de bromélias, com 10179 indivíduos em 0,98 ha amostrados. Na área estudada, nove espécies possuíram um padrão de distribuição agregado (Id > 1). Sugerimos que o padrão de distribuição agregado de bromélias em restinga pode ser explicado pela taxa de reprodução vegetativa, distribuição de condições abióticas favoráveis e substratos disponíveis nas moitas, as quais ocorrem em manchas na restinga estudada, favorecendo a ocorrência de bromélias.

In "restingas", because favorable microhábitats have patchy distribution, and due to the high vegetative reproduction rate in bromeliads, we tested the hypothesis that the pattern of spatial distribution of bromeliads in a "restinga" habitat would be aggregated. We used the "restinga" of the Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba as our hypothesis test area. We analyzed the spatial distribution pattern of each studied species using Morisita dispersion Index (Id). We found 10 bromeliad species, with 10179 individuals in the 0,98 ha sampled. In the study area, nine species had an aggregated distribution pattern (Id > 1). We suggest that the aggregated distribution pattern of bromeliads may be explained by the rate of vegetative reproduction, distribution of the favorable abiotic conditions and availability substrates in clumps, which occur in patches in the study area, favoring the bromeliads occurrence.